PC RAS history
The history of
Photochemistry Center RAS refers to 1963, when a branch of Chemical
Physics USSR Academy of Sciences in Chernogolovka group was formed
Spectroscopy of excited triplet states under the leadership candidate. Sci. Sciences MV ALFIMOV. In 1973 the group was
transformed into a laboratory of photochemistry of solids. In 1978, on the basis of
this laboratory, the order of the Presidium of the USSR Division was
established photochemical processes registration information, which has
offices in Moscow and Chernogolovka. The department includes
lab photochemistry of solids (Chernogolovka), a group of information
properties of light-sensitive materials (Chernogolovka), and a group of
photochemistry of recording media (Moscow). In 1987, the order-the
order of Ministry of Chemical Industry of the USSR and the USSR in the
ICP was formed Department of photochemistry with offices in Moscow and
Chernogolovka. In the future, in
connection with the formation of an independent Institute of Chemical
Physics in Chernogolovka, USSR began to exist in parallel, two of the
Division of photochemistry in Moscow and Chernogolovka. In late 1996, the Moscow
Department of photochemistry ICP RAS was transformed into the
Photochemistry Center of RAS.
During this time,
developed following research and application areas:
1961 - 1967 years. Radiolysis of frozen
solutions of organic compounds and polymers. The role of excited
triplet states of aromatic molecules.
1961 - 1973 years. Photochemistry of frozen
solutions of aromatic compounds. Two-quanta photochemical
reactions, the triplet-triplet energy transfer of electronic excitation.
Application of work - the
creation of photochromic materials based on the phenomenon of
triplet-triplet absorption and two-quantum ionization.
1973 - 1978 years. Photochemical reactions
of cis-trans isomerization and photodissociation in liquid and solid
solutions. Spectroscopy and
luminescence of solid solutions. Applied work -
fluorescent picture, three-dimensional recording of information.
1978 - 1985 years. Photochemical reactions
in disperse systems. Photochemical initiation
of phase transitions. Applied work -
fluorescent photography and photographic processes based on
photochemical initiation of phase transitions.
1985 Spectroscopy
(optical, EPR) and photochemistry of organized microsystems (micelles,
microcrystals, vesicles, biological structures). Application of work - the
creation of color photomaterials new generation.
1987 Investigation of
photochemical processes in organized microsystems. Investigation of
properties of ensembles of organized microsystems.
1989 Photonics
(Photochemistry and photophysics) molecular organized microsystems. The development of the
concept of management of chemical function of the system through the
levels of its supramolecular organization. Applied work - forming
the principles of a complex chemical microreactors operated light.
1990 - present. Study of supramolecular
nanoscale photonics systems.
One can see that from the
very beginning we are looking for the answer to the question of how
light interacts with matter fields (mostly - the processes of absorption
of light) and what is the result of interaction of light with matter
(the formation of excited electronic states, the emission of light, the
migration of excitations, dissociation, ionization of molecules etc.), ie All these years we are
developing a scientific field called "photonics condensed matter. Since that time, the
contents of studies varied, research methodology became more and more
accurate time scale measured the transformation of the molecules become
shorter and shorter, and the scale of the objects become less and less. Today, the objects of our
investigations are nanostructures, and we investigate the optical
properties of these structures and their photochemical transformations
in the time range up to femtoseconds.
It is conventionally all
these studies the length of 40 years can be divided into several
periods. Research into the first
period (1963 - 1978 he was.) Belonged to the "Photonics of organic
molecules." The focus in this period
concentrated on molecules and on the link structure of molecules and
their spectral and photochemical properties. During this period, our
targets were liquid and solid solutions of organic molecules -
homogeneous environment. We investigated the
fluorescence and phosphorescence of molecules link the spectral and
kinetic characteristics of the structure of molecules, the properties of
lower and higher triplet states, the spectra of triplet-triplet
absorption and chemical transformation of molecules excited to higher
triplet states - dissociation, ionization of molecules and
triplet-triplet energy transfer from higher triplet state
(two-photon conversion), trans-cis isomerization, transport processes of
singlet and triplet excitations in glasses and polymers. The main focus of
research - the link between the structure of molecules and their
spectral and photochemical properties. It was first demonstrated
the possibility of effective triplet-triplet intramolecular and
intermolecular transfer of excitation from the higher triplet states. In the course of these
studies was shown the important role of molecular environment in the
intramolecular and intermolecular processes.
These are the facts and
identify problems to be solved in the second period of research related
to the study of "Photonics micron systems" (1978 - 1985 years.). It was clear that
changing the spectral and photochemical properties of molecules can not
only through the synthesis of new chemical structures, but also through
the organization of molecules in supramolecular ensembles defined
structure. Several experimental
facts indicate that, by varying the method of packing of molecules
within the ensemble, can significantly change the optical and
photochemical properties of molecules. During this period, the
study of the scientific school has shifted to the region of photonics
microheterogeneous systems. The objects of
investigation were emulsion and dispersion in liquid and solid media,
mycelial and vesicular systems Legmyura-Blodgett films, microcrystals. Dispersed particles were
typically micron size. However, studies have
shown that the transition from macro to micro does not change or
slightly alter the optical and photochemical properties of substances.
Differences from
homogeneous solutions arise only when the dispersed particle has a
complex heterogeneous structure, or when there was a mass transfer
between dispersed (emulsion) particles in solution, etc. From the observed effects
in these studies should be mentioned photoinitiated processes of
crystallization of amorphous particles, reaction (2 +2)
photocycloaddition, which occur in microscopic topochemical small size,
photoinitiated reaction with localized vibrational reagents in micelle
and emulsion particles. The result of studies of
this period was concluded that due to the organization of the molecules
by incorporating them into amorphous or crystalline structures can be
controlled with optical and photochemical properties of matter, however,
the ability to manage the direction and effectiveness photoprocesses
through the organization of molecules in the structure of micron size is
limited (Izv. Acad. Sciences of the USSR,
ser. Chem., 1990, № 10). Lessons from this period
of experimental material testified that, creating organized in a certain
architecture of molecular structures, can create systems and materials
with predetermined optical and photochemical properties. There emerged a region of
photonics, which was called "Photonics of supramolecular structures,
its further development led to the formation of" Photonics of
supramolecular nanostructures.